By Family Features | Contributor
Approximately 38% of adults in the United States experience high cholesterol levels, a condition linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices or genetic factors, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, commonly referred to as “bad” cholesterol, can lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits (plaque) and constriction of arteries.
LDL cholesterol is particularly associated with a heightened risk of heart attacks and strokes. A survey by Harris Poll for the American Heart Association revealed that 75% of individuals who survived heart attacks or strokes had high cholesterol, yet fewer than half (49%) consider it a priority to reduce their cholesterol levels.
“Public understanding and awareness of bad cholesterol and its effects on heart health are largely insufficient,” stated Joseph C. Wu, MD, PHD, FAHA, a volunteer president of the American Heart Association and director at Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, along with Simon H. Stertzer, MD, a professor of medicine and radiology at Stanford School of Medicine. “As high LDL cholesterol often presents no symptoms, many individuals remain unaware of their risk or how to address it.”
To enhance your knowledge about LDL cholesterol, its role in cardiovascular health, and strategies for managing it, explore insights from the Lower Your LDL Cholesterol Now initiative, sponsored nationally by Amgen.
Know Your LDL Level
The survey revealed that nearly half (47%) of heart attack and stroke survivors do not know their LDL levels. Although cholesterol levels can differ among racial and ethnic groups—with Asian men and Hispanic women often exhibiting higher LDL levels—research consistently indicates that a lower level is preferable.
For most healthy adults, an LDL level at or below 100 mg/dL is optimal. If there is a history of heart attack or stroke, and you are on cholesterol-lowering medication, your physician may recommend a target of 70 mg/dL or lower. Beyond race and ethnicity, factors such as family history, age, gender, smoking (or exposure to secondhand smoke), dietary habits, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol use, and obesity can influence LDL levels.
Check Your Levels Regularly
Since elevated LDL cholesterol typically lacks obvious symptoms, regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential. It’s advisable to consult your doctor to determine how often you should have your levels checked. Generally, healthy adults aged 20 to 39 should undergo cholesterol evaluations every 4 to 6 years. Adults over 40, or those with existing heart conditions or other risk factors, may need more frequent assessments.
Understand the Risks of High LDL
Excessive levels of LDL cholesterol can cause fatty deposits to accumulate in the arteries—a condition known as atherosclerosis—which narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow. Should a piece of plaque dislodge, it can travel through the bloodstream and potentially block a blood vessel, leading to a heart attack or stroke. This narrowing also increases the likelihood of peripheral artery disease.
Manage Your LDL Levels
Addressing high cholesterol requires a personalized approach. It’s important to consult with your healthcare provider to create a suitable management plan. The American Heart Association suggests that certain lifestyle modifications can effectively regulate cholesterol levels, such as:
- Following a balanced and nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and fish
- Engaging in regular physical activity, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week (like brisk walking)
- Practicing stress management techniques
- Avoiding tobacco
However, individuals, particularly those who have experienced heart attacks or strokes, may need to discuss the possibility of cholesterol-lowering medications with their doctor.
Consult your healthcare provider for cholesterol testing and visit heart.org/LDL for further information.
Images provided by Shutterstock
